Frightened and Deprived Palestinian Children

Imagine the political fallout if every schoolchild in London had missed a month’s schooling last year because teachers could not get to classes. Think of the parental anguish and outrage if the Paris school system saw its pass rates in French language exams fall from 71 to 38 percent in a year. Now picture your own child traumatized by fear, because every day her journey to school meant a trip past tanks, checkpoints and soldiers. This nightmare is the reality facing Palestinian parents, teachers and around a million pupils – the school population of a major European capital – in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip after two years of the intifada.

The main causes of this educational crisis are the curfews and closures imposed by the Israeli authorities in their attempt to deal with Palestinian militants. These have crippled the education program of the Palestinian Authority and the United Nations. The UN Relief and Works Agency runs 264 schools for almost 250,000 pupils in the West Bank and Gaza.

Last year it lost an average of 29 working school days per school because staff or pupils could not get to their classes. Last year, in total, 72,000 teacher workdays were lost. Exams could be given only when curfews were lifted, and summer schools, designed to create a secure environment for children, were barely attended. Things this year seem, if anything, to be getting worse. Since school started on August 31, 36 UN schools in the West Bank have been closed for from two to 15 days. Access to schools in Nablus has been so bad that some teachers have been hired based only on telephone interviews and will meet their supervisors only when they can get to work. But closed schools are only one part of the story.

Military operations, largely by Israel but in some instances by Palestinian factions, have violated the sanctity of schools across the occupied territory. Scores of schools have been used as detention centers, almost 200 have been damaged by gunfire and more than 170 students have been arrested. According to an Amnesty International report, 250 Palestinian schoolchildren have been killed since September 2000. It is not uncommon for children to be searched and abused by Israeli troops on their way to and from school or to be subject to tear gas and warning shots near checkpoints. This terrifying environment has had a devastating effect on Palestinian children. Exam pass rates in Arabic and math have collapsed, while dropout rates are starting to rise for the first time in a decade. Pupil assaults on teachers, unthinkable in the past, have begun to make an appearance. Teachers are increasingly reporting signs of psychological trauma.

UNRWA has employed counselors to encourage children to share their experiences and has boosted its remedial and summer school programs, as well as extended its school year, in an effort to mitigate the worst effects of the conflict. But it is becoming ever more apparent that Palestinian children will be paying twice over for the crisis in the West Bank and Gaza. Already they have paid with the loss of their security, innocence and education. But they will also pay with their futures. They will pay with the loss of opportunity, development and hope that a sound education brings. This is a tragedy for the Palestinian people, who, with so many disadvantages to cope with, have traditionally put great stock in education. Palestinian literacy rates were among the highest in the region. Palestinian girls were the first in the Arab world to achieve educational parity with boys. All of which meant that Palestinian-educated engineers helped build the Gulf region and Palestinian-educated doctors have benefited communities from California to Cairo.

It is imperative that the Israeli authorities begin to lift their curfews and closures on population centers now, before more damage is done to children. Israel has security concerns – and Amnesty reports that 72 of its children have been killed since the start of the intifada – but I cannot believe that those security concerns are being served by depriving a generation of Palestinians of their right to a future.

Peter Hansen is Commisioner General of UNRWA
This article ran in International Herald Tribune on October 9, 2002

And Who is Behind Tayoush?: the Senior Pundak & Senior Melchior

Following Israel’s “Defensive Shield” operation against PLO strongholds that followed the Passover seder massacre in Netanya last April, Herbert Pundak, former chief editor of the Danish daily newspaper Politiken, and now a columnist for that paper, decided to “do something to activate readers in support of Palestinian Civil Society After Jenin”, in the words of Pundak.

Herbert Pundak, father of Ron Pundak, head of the Peres Center for Peace in Tel Aviv, said that he launched the appeal to the Danish public to “to ask readers for money for two purposes… to support the purchase of a new ambulance for the Palestinian Red Crescent (whose honorary president is Fatchi Arafat, the brother of Yassir), and support an organization known as Tayoush (Arabic for “cooperation”) which is supplying equipment and support for Palestinian communities.

Herbert’s son Ron Pundak offered to use the good offices of the Peres Center to facilitate these contributions for Palestinian communities. “Not that this is a Peres Center project”, said the younger Pundak, “since we are only the facilitators of such a worthy effort”, he added.

The former director of the Peres Center, Carmi Gillon, appointed by Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres as the ambassador to Denmark, raised no objections to efforts to raise funds for Palestinian Arabs that would be facilitated by the same Peres Center.

To establish further credibility for the campaign, Hebert Pundak enlisted the support of the former chief Rabbi of Denmark, Rabbi Bent Melchior, who is the father of the current Israel Deputy Foreign Minister Rabbi Michael Melchior. After the senior Rabbi Melchior said that his involvement for Tayoush was his own initiative, he was satisfied that his son lent support for his father’s “humanitarian” initiative.

Yet Tayoush is not quite a “humanitarian” initiative. In Jerusalem, Tayoush shares offices with the Alternative Information Center, 6 Shlomtizon HaMalka Street in Jerusalem, acts as the hub of radical left activity in Israel. Tayoush’s own website, located at http://tayoush.tripod.com is clear about its purpose: to help the Palestinians in their struggle, and to expel the Jews from areas taken by Israel in 1967.

Tayoush in action: Claiming that Israeli “settlers” prevent Palestinian children from going to school.

This week, Tayoush issued a leaflet in Arabic, Hebrew and English in which it claimed that Israelis who live in Jewish communities in the Southern Hebron region were preventing Palestinian Arab children from nearby Arab villages from going to school for many months. For that reason, Tayoush announced that it had raised funds to organized a massive convoy to accompany Arab children to school. On the answering machine of Tayoush, in English, Arabic and Hebrew, at 03-6914437, you hear a recorded message to join their convoy on Saturday, October 26th, “which is occuring because of the Israeli settler harrassment of Palestinian children”

Tayoush provided what it had hoped would be credible eyewitness testimony from Arab villagers from the villages of Tuba and Lakia that would attest to their allegation that Israelis were preventing them from going to school.

Their story was different – that the Israeli army, in coordination with Jewish communities in the area, had paved a new footpath for children to go to school which would circumvent the roads and the Jewish communities that are in the area.

565 shooting attacks against Jews had occurred over the past two years in the South Hebron region, which had resulted in the deaths of eight Jewish civilians.

Mahmud Hamamdeh, from the Arab village of Tuba, said that the school children had nothing to do with these armed attacks and that “they would ‘only’ throw stones. After all, they are children, are they not”, he claimed.

Mahmud made it clear that their schools were indeed open, that most of the children were going to school, but that they resented the extra 45 minutes that his children had to walk to school.

Another Palestinian Arab villager referred by Tayoush, Anwar Al Hajuj, from the Arab village of Lakia, said that 21 pupils out of 65 students had dropped out of school because they did not like the walk.

The accounts of Arab villagers were a far cry from the claims of Tayoush website, which was that Israeli settlers were preventing Palestinian school children from going to school for many months.

In other words, Palestinian Arab school children had been inconvenienced in a time of war.

Would Tayoush change its allegations that a severe human rights violation had occurred?

Hardly.

Tayoush spokesman Niv Gordon, reached at his East Jerusalem home, said that “The creation of a special path for Arab children to go to school is Israeli Apartheid”.

Gordon was emphatic that any separate path paved for Palestinian Arabs would mean that Israel had adopted a policy of Apartheid.

Tayoush has invited the media to participate in its motorized procession this Saturday in which Tayoush leaders say that they will escort Palestinian school children to school in order to protect them from the threat of Jewish neighbors whom Tayoush claims will not allow them to get an education.

Will the media buy the story being spun by Tayoush? Time will tell.

(Excerpted from an article in the weekly, Makor Rishon, published on October 25, 2002.)

Interview with Israel Government Press Office Director Daniel Seaman

…Danny Seaman knows exactly why the State of Israel looks so bad on television screens around the world.

“At the direct instruction of the Palestinian Authority,” explains the director of the Government Press Office (GPO), “the offices of the foreign networks in Jerusalem are compelled to hire Palestinian directors and producers. Those people determine what is broadcast. The journalists will certainly deny that, but that is reality.”

Question: What makes you so sure?

“A lot of sources that, if exposed, will be compromised professionally. Those are people who were outraged by the events in those offices.”

Question: Which offices are we talking about?

“The most senior are the Associated Press and Reuters, which provide information to hundreds of millions of people around the world. On the second level are the major television networks, CNN and the BBC, and the American stations, ABC and CBS.”

Seaman claims that the Palestinian workers at the various networks work with complete coordination. But that is nothing. “Three senior producers,” alleges the GPO director with deep internal conviction, “were coordinated with Marwan Barghouti. He used to call them and inform them about what was about to happen. They always received early warning about gunfire on Gilo. Then they shot for TV only the Israeli response fire on Beit Jala. Those producers advised Barghouti how to get the Palestinian message across better.”

Question: After the accusations give me some names.

“I’m not prepared to divulge details. Everyone who deals with this knows who they are.”

In his professional capacity Seaman mediates between the foreign journalists and the various authorities in Israel. While the latter receive ample representation, the former are perceived as a rather bothersome nuisance. Seaman is not ashamed to admit it. He considers the foreign correspondents to be a bunch of spoiled brats that until now has received privileged conditions and has repaid that by giving back the finger. “They’ve grown accustomed to being treated very freely in Israel,” said Seaman, “but the liberty that we gave them was abused.”

Seaman, a civil servant, does not mince words when he describes the foreign media’s conduct in Israel. He levels harsh accusations at the foreign correspondents, some of which sound rather odd. Not only are they entwined with the Palestinian Authority by means of a Gordian knot, but they also steal Israelis’ livelihoods. But things here will be A.O.K soon enough. Seaman will set those gentiles straight.

Last week Ma’ariv reported that the GPO would issue press cards to foreign photographers and production staffers only if they obtained a work permit from the Labor and Welfare Ministry and a visa from the Interior Ministry. At stake is an old law that has never been enforced until now. It means that the number of foreign workers in offices in Israel is expected to be cut substantially. But even before Seaman decided to revoke the press cards from all the residents of the territories.

Officials at the news agencies and the networks find it very difficult to understand, or at least feign innocence, as to what exactly it is that Danny Seaman wants from them. Israelis, after all, are barred from entering the territories, say the office managers and, therefore, without foreign photographers and Palestinian reporters it is very difficult to work and perhaps even impossible. They reject with disdain Seaman’s allegations about pro-Palestinian coverage. “I’ve had Palestinian workers for years already,” says Charles Enderlin, the veteran France 2 TV correspondent, “and they have proven their professionalism. Regardless, there is no bureau chief who allows his Palestinian assistant to decide what is broadcast. I deny that allegation outright.”

“We don’t make the news, we only broadcast it,” say the foreign journalists defensively. Quite a few of them feel, even if they won’t say so explicitly, that someone who didn’t like the message has decided to kill the messenger. Seaman, 41, was born in Germany. His father was a member of the US Airforce, and his family followed him around across the world. In 1971 they immigrated to Israel and settled in Ashkelon. Seaman served in the paratroopers, and after his discharge studied political science in New York.

At the same time he also began to do public relations work for the Israeli consulate in New York. When he returned to Israel in 1990 he found work in the GPO. He spent two years with the IDF Spokesman’s Office, and in January 2001 was appointed director of the GPO. “I am the first director who was not appointed for political reasons,” he says proudly.

Seaman defines his job as “dual and restrictive. On the one hand, I need to represent the State of Israel and its interests to the foreign media, and on the other hand, I am supposed to represent the foreign reporters to the government and to create an appropriate media atmosphere for them. Sometimes the one role supersedes and other times the other does.”

Question: Which is more dominant now?

“Today there is a greater need to look out for the State of Israel’s interests because we are in an emergency situation.”

The impression is that Israel has nothing to be concerned about, Seaman is doing his job. He always arrives at the scenes of the major terror attacks and tries to help the journalists gain access as quickly as possible to the material. Seaman has also made a point of attending Marwan Barghouti’s trial. “The GPO is not covering the trial,” he explains, “but it would be negligent were we not to capitalize on this event for public relations. Our job is to allow coverage.” MK Ahmed Tibi, who also has used the trial for public relations purposes, is angry at Seaman. “Seaman’s behavior in the court room is beyond the pale,” says Tibi. “He asks the journalists to interview the families of terror victims. That is none of his business, that is an editor’s job.”

Seaman fought back: “Ahmed Tibi would be pleased were the State of Israel not to exist at all,” says Seaman. “So he finds it jarring that the state is doing its job. I would urge him to learn to respect the courts before he comments to me about how to do my job.”

Seaman has a clear understanding about how the Palestinians succeeded in seizing control of the television screens. He said that in the 1980s the Palestinians began to nurture young people who would work with the foreign press. He also alleges that all of the Palestinians who work with the media took a course in media manipulation at Bir Zeit University.

The effort paid off, if one is to believe Seaman. “For years,” he explained, “the foreign reporters created a kind of romanticism surrounding the Palestinians’ struggle. They adopted their point of view and their terminology.” Seaman, who claims to be apolitical, said this process was exacerbated also by the “discourse in Israel. From the moment that the old Land of Israel lost the elections in 1977 the delegitimizing that was done to all the right wing leaders, Begin, Shamir, Netanyahu and Sharon, contributed to the struggle to delegitimize that the Palestinians launched in 1964.”

Seaman is convinced that the foreign journalists were able to move about the territories freely and speak with whomever they wanted before Arafat’s arrival. “From the moment Arafat arrived,” explains Seaman, “their dependence on Palestinian media staffers grew. And the more the PA tightened its hold on the ground and the closer the date of the conflict grew, the Palestinian hold on the foreign press became firmer. Four years ago began the threats on the Israeli staffers, including Arabs from East Jerusalem.

The Palestinians let the foreign journalists understand: if you don’t work with our people we’ll sever contact with you, you won’t have access to sources of information and you won’t get interviews.”

Seaman is certain that the overwhelming majority of the media bowed to this pressure. He is not prepared to give any credit to the Palestinian journalists who work in the foreign networks. “Today we know,” Seaman says in a heated tone, “that the entire Mohammed a-Dura incident was staged in advance by the Palestinian Authority in collusion with Palestinian photographers, who worked for the foreign networks. In my opinion, that is the incident that really began the Intifada. Until then it hadn’t caught on.”

Palestinian stills photographers are also part of the game. “They always stage photographs,” says Seaman unequivocally and states that he is prepared to be taken to court for libel. “The IDF announces that it is going in to demolish an empty house, but somehow afterwards you see a picture of a crying child sitting on the rubble. There is an economic level to that. The Palestinian photographers receive from the foreign agencies 300 dollars for good pictures; that is why they deliberately create provocation with the soldiers. They’ve degraded photography to prostitution.” Seaman gives the foreign media a five on a scale of one to ten for its coverage of the events in the past two years. As noted, he believes that nearly all of them are infected. “They’re hostile,” he says, and itemizes: they being the French, the Spaniards, the BBC. The hostility manifests itself in the writing, the tendentious footage, the automatic adoption of the Palestinian version and the immediate suspicion of the Israeli version.

In the course of the siege on Bethlehem the Palestinians claimed that we killed a monk. No one bothered to pick up the phone and speak to the Pope’s representative to hear from him that nothing of the kind had happened.”

Seaman has no problem harping on the Europeans’ conscience. “I accuse,” he says without a moment of hesitation, “particularly the European press. The correspondents reported about every slander against Israel as if it were a fact. The negligence of their coverage contributed to the anti-Semitism that is now making rounds on the continent, and that ought to lie heavily on their consciences.” Four Western journalists received special attention from the GPO.

Actually, at issue was a lack of attention. Seaman has no problem naming names: Suzanne Goldberg from the British Guardian, Lee Hockstader from the Washington Post, Sandro Contenta from the Toronto Star and Gillian Findlay from ABC. Seaman accuses each one of the four of inaccurate reporting, to understate things. Now, none of the four are in Israel any longer. “We simply boycotted them,” recounts Seaman. “We didn’t revoke their press cards, because this is a democratic country. But in the name of that same value I also have the right not work with them. The editorial boards got the message and replaced their people. When the Washington Post saw that a smaller newspaper, such as the Baltimore Sun, was getting exclusive material, they understood that they had a problem.” Some of those who were ousted have come out ahead. Suzanne Goldberg was promoted to Washington, and the one reporter who made it big is Rula Amin. The famous Palestinian reporter for CNN whose reports from here in Operation Defensive Shield were perceived by many as being authored by the Palestinian Information Ministry, now reports from Baghdad and has a lot of screen time. Seaman tries to stay calm. “When the CNN executives visited here,” he says, “they led us to understand that if we drop the issue of her, she would find herself on the way out. The fact that she is now in Baghdad attests to the professional level of the network and to the [value of] the word of its executives.”

When the Kol Ha’Ir photographer asked to take Seaman’s picture against the backdrop of a television screen, he agreed only if the television was turned to Fox, the cheaper alternative that the cable companies found to CNN. Seaman says he does not regret the impending loss. “Personally, I don’t like CNN’s broadcasts in Israel,” he says, “because it is their European network. If it were the American network maybe it would disturb me more.” Foreign reporters and editors at the JCS building on Jaffa road in Jerusalem, where the offices of some of the leading foreign media services in the world are located, were rather stunned this week by Seaman’s statements. “I cannot believe,” says Charles Enderlin, “that Mr. Seaman, the director of the Government Press Office, would make those kinds of accusations. If that is how they want to do public relations here then I don’t understand a thing about the country that I’ve been living in for the past 34 years.”

Enderlin says that there were isolated instances of Palestinian pressure on local issues. He said that the Foreign Press Association in Israel found an appropriate response: “We decided that if a photographer from one of the networks captures a picture that the PA wants to confiscate then everyone is allowed to use it.” Another senior journalist admits that some of the Palestinian journalists must naturally support the Palestinian national struggle, but he stresses that he encounters far more often displays of courage. “It is very difficult to produce free media in the territories today, but they succeed in doing that,” says the journalist.

In response to this article, Tim Heritage, the bureau chief at Reuters, said “Seaman’s accusations are absurd and baseless.” Andrew Steele, the BBC Jerusalem bureau chief, said: “The BBC has an international reputation because of its objectivity and balance. The thought that a few of our more experienced journalists suddenly developed complete dependency on Palestinian sources and that the Palestinian workers decide which news will be broadcast abroad could be funny if it were not so insulting. It is even more infuriating when one bears in mind that Mr. Seaman’s office has been barring press cards from our Palestinian staff members.”

[Translation by the Israel News Agency]

Dennis Ross, Now the Head of the “Washington Institute for Near East Policy”, Speaks in Berkeley

Berkeley, California, October 16th — Dennis Ross, chief negotiator of the Oslo agreement came to the UC Berkeley campus today to discuss the Israeli-Palestinian crisis. Ross, who personally negotiated between Yasser Arafat and Ehud Barak outlined the current situation in the Middle East and what was needed to move forward.

After first digressing by laying out the case for the Bush administration’s need to go after Saddam Hussein and Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction, in which he explained the Iraqi leaders’ continual violations of weapons inspections agreed on by the Iraqi dictator since the Gulf War he then went on to discuss the situation between Israel and the Palestinians.. Ross emphasized the main problem to successful negotiations was that neither side “trusted” the other. During his speech he acknowledged and even criticized the Palestinian tactic of constantly portraying itself as a victim of Israeli agression and even of lying about what was orignally offered at Camp David and Oslo.

Describing the current Israeli government as “the most forthcoming government in history” for its peace offers, Ross agreed those offers were unreasonably met with violence. He further stated he understood that Israel feels its existence is threatened, something which was further supported by his description of Hizbollah’s missiles amassed on Israel’s northern frontier.

Still, the sense of “moral equivalency” between Israel and the Palestinians hung heavily in the air. Ross stated Israelis understand the need for the situation to change and can change if they have a viable partner. Ross pointed to the “new authentic Palestinian reform movement” as the key to this end. Pointing out that the Palestinian newspaper Al Hayat had openly run a column asking if Israeli tanks were really responsible for all the poverty and corruption in the PA, Ross stated that a viable Palestinian reform movement was emerging to replpace Arafat. The recent seige of the Mukata had rendered Arafat an even greater failure to his people despite enhancing him as a symbol to them of “Palestinian resistance”. This concept of an “authentic” reform movement being the route to successful negotiations to the situation sounded good to the audience but lacked any comprehension or compassion for the real situation on the ground.While Ross negotiates, Israelis are blown up and maimed.

As the speech continued, Ross criticized PM Sharon as showing “violence is futile” and seemed to feel a dimunition of such “violence” would lead to a strenghtening of the reformers with whom serious negotiations could take place. And it was here that his speech, in a auditorium on an American university campus, no doubt the same as in a secure office at Washington, lost touch with reality.

Although Ross acknowledged over 600 Israelis had been murdered by Palestinian terrorism, his detached regard for this as only a detail as a part of negotiations completely ignored the situation on the ground for the average Israeli. The reform movement among the Palestinians he spoke so hopefully about has shown in the past that any renunciations against terrorism and violence might be controlled not because they are inherently wrong, but simply “unsuccessful” in meeting Palestinian goals. It almost seemd that as a professional negotiator Ross was more interested in having two sides to tell him what he wants to hear to conduct a successful negotaiton on paper, completely ignoring past history.

Even before Oslo the Palestinians have always said and still do today that any parts of Israel obtained by surrender or negotaitons from the Jewish State shall serve as a new Palestinian State from which the rest of Israel will be obtained later. Ross, by outlining and agreeing that Arafat had been offered a fantastic deal with Oslo, and that Abu Amar had actually hurt his own people because of it, seemd to think that reformers among the Palestinians opposed to Arafat’s corruption for some reason would be equally open to a genuine peace with Israel. At best this is incredibly naive.

Nowhere during his speech did Ross touch on incitement in Palestinian schools and media, nor did he touch upon the fact that Palestinian security forces responsible for any workable peace are the same terrorist squads attacking Israelis on the ground every day. Palestinian reformers might make the day to day existence of the average Palestinian better by isolating Arafat with a new government and Prime Minister. But it is folly to think the fundamental goal, the diismantling of Israel will ever be forgotten. And to fault Sharon as being at fault for the violence for defending Israelis on the ground is reprehensible.

In fairness, Ross did disucss the demographics of the Arab birthrate and alluded to a one man one vote situation by 2029 leading to demise of the Jewish State.

As usual, he criticized the continual building of settlements in Judea and Samaria as being illogical to creating a lasting peace. Yet it is precisely because of the threatening sitaution that Israel needs to secure such settlements in her own national security interest no matter how much of a negotiating obstacle they may seem to be in the one on one negotiations between Ross and his Palestinian “reformers” he puts so much credibility in.

Ross lamented that neither side “listens”. After critiquing Arafat’s habit of lying about what he rejected at Camp David and asking simply “If you don’t like the deal that was offered just say why, but don’t lie and say you were offered something else”, Ross seemd to think refomers “listen” better and might make Israelis do the same. Yes, the “new” Palestinians might listen at the negotiating table, but once they get what they want, the ultimate aim of dismantling Israel will still be there with the same terrorist security forces to back it up. Is it any wonder that Israel doesn’t “listen”?

Syrian Foreign Ministry Summons US Ambassador in Damascus to Protest US Objections to Syrian/Russian Nuclear Cooperation

October 14, 2002

The Syrian foreign ministry on Sunday morning summoned the US ambassador in Damascus and gave him an official protest on what was promoted by spokesmen by the US Department of State on the Syrian- Russian cooperation in the field of nuclear researches.

The Syrian foreign ministry asked also for an official explanations for the reasons behind that at the time the US knows that Syria had joined to the NPT in 1969, and to the international guarantees agreement in 1994, and that its received delegations from the International agency for atomic energy, whose all reports stress that the Syrian nuclear program is dedicated for peaceful purposes. Syria, besides, and since 1987 has been calling for making the Middle East a zone free from all nuclear weapons, foremost being the nuclear weapons and under the supervision of the UN.

The Syrian foreign ministry also expressed its great regret over the standing cooperation between Israel and the USA in various areas of armament, and the US silence over the Israeli nuclear weapons especially as Israel refuses to put its nuclear institutions under the supervision of the International Agency for Atomic Energy, noting that Israel is the only country on the region which owns nuclear weapons, according to several reports issued in the USA.

When Will We Open Our Eyes and Stand Up as Jews

When I was asked to write an article on the Muslim Activism and anti-Semitism that I had encountered in the USA, specifically that with dangerous tone, I knew that it was an article that needed to be written. After a few days, I became reticent to address this topic. True to form Hashem provided me with a conversation that highlighted the necessity for me, however in order to do the topic justice, I decided to make a slight amendment thus including experiences from South Africa as well.

As I mentioned in a farewell speech prior to making Aliyah from South Africa, we are living in times where Hashem is crying out to us to hear Him. We are being tested left, right and center, from flash floods to hurricanes, tornadoes to terrorist attacks, crime of all forms and sizes. You name it, it is happening and the message throughout is strong, important and a united one. Yes, we can even affect nature through our prayers and our actions. However this is a topic for another article. For now, let us take a look at what is occurring amongst and between our fellow man, and this includes every single one of us.

Recently we were witness to the terrorist attacks of the Twin Towers in USA on 11/9/2001. How could this happen? Many Americans were shocked at the act against democracy. We have to open our eyes to what is happening world over. We have to open our ears to the message therein and then to take action. We can no longer afford to hide behind the false belief that First World Countries will protect us or that any place is exempt from anti-Semitic actions.

Let me help to open your eyes through a series of examples. I have lived and worked in South Africa, UK and USA and experienced anti-Semitism at its most basal form. My first experience that was contained a threat to my personal to my personal security occurred when I was working in a hospital in South Africa. I was requested to evaluate a patient with a view to whether he was eligible for a disability grant. When he was found to be fit to work, the patient threatened me, my life and that of my family. He had connections within a certain political group. Seeing my name on my hospital identity card, the threats intensified. With a very Jewish surname, this was a very real risk. The Medical Superintendent took me off the case for my own security. Precautions for my family were also discussed.

Dramatic action? No. About a year later, there was an incident in South Africa where following a march of Muslims in the center of town; the home of a known Jewish family was set alight. Lest you think that you are exempt of such attacks in USA, let me describe a few incidents that occurred in USA. Around the same time as the fire of this Jewish home, I was working in a public school in USA. Once I had recovered from the shock of the poor conditions in this “First World Country” school, I set about to fulfill my oath to provide the best possible service to those students I was servicing. This necessitated program development, organization of the department and setting a high standard for service delivery. Why go to so much trouble? Quite simply because as a Jew I am bound to uphold any oath that I take, failure to do so is akin to using Hashem’s name in vain. We Jews also have a moral obligation to uphold. I could not sit back and watch while human rights were blatantly being violated.

Immediately after beginning to do what I could to assist the students, I met with resistance. I was harassed by colleagues for being hard working. Taken aback I pushed on only to discover that some students were angry at receiving quality treatment, for it made them wonder why they had missed out in the previous years. With limited emotional expression, their response was physical and three different students hit me in the face on three occasions.

Regularly my life was at risk for working in an area where gangsters are abundant. Being a white South African and Jewish to boot, put me at risk. The solution offered was to keep a low profile and to leave work immediately the school bell rang, so that I would catch the train or bus while there were many people around.

The highlight of my experience occurred when I began to implement and recommend various programs together with equipment required. I was regularly warned to keep my Jewish identity a secret. Not so easy with a surname like mine. Finally I was warned that should I continue the development, my life would be at risk. At first I ignored this but the threat was issued again. Astonished at this response I sought out the one teacher who was really helpful who just happened to be Jewish as well. He explained that many teachers were involved in gangs and did not like the program development or the fact that I am Jewish. It was thought that some gangs had Muslim association or at least influence. The message was clear, if I valued my life; I would discontinue what I was doing.

As a Jew with a strong moral obligation, I could not turn my back on the situation. I resolved to make Aliyah as my stand that improving conditions is necessary and that my first responsibility is to Klal Yisrael and Eretz Yisrael. Before I did so, I took certain steps to ensure that justice would be met for the students.

My journey to make Aliyah took me back to South Africa, where once again Anti-Semitism reared its ugly head. This occurred in many forms, one being a few shops that accepted my artwork but shelved it at the back of the shop, as they did not like my name. This action prevented my work from being seen by the public with a loss of potential sales and income.

After a few weeks of applying work rehabilitation skills to help a beggar, I put an end to the relationship when he demanded an unreasonable amount of money. His response was a string of verbal anti-Semitic abuse, which included a threat to me and to my car. My car was stolen a few weeks later and the detective in charge of the case noted that the beggar was involved in a Muslim Activist Group. I was forced to move in a hurry with a real potential to leave the country for my own safety.

I could continue with more examples, but I feel the message is clear. Anti-Semitism is rife and the only response we can make is to stand up and be noted and counted as the Jews that we are. This means being united as a people. It means being a “Light unto the Nations” as to how to treat our fellow man, even and despite when our lives are threatened. It means fighting for our Country of Eretz Yisrael. It means being aware at all times of the dangers and threat that are occurring and to have the courage o four convictions to stand up and say ” WE ARE JEWS”. G-d gave us a specific way to live and we need to live this lifestyle with Bitachon that He will guide and protect us through difficult time. He has given the promise that fulfilling our mission will result in the final Redemption, which is the only way to bring World Peace. We can no longer bury our heads in the sand. We do not want a repeat of 11 September nor can we afford the loss of a single life or drop of blood. The time is NOW. The message is clear. Be the real Jew that you are, walk hand in hand with your fellow Jew and in the ways of Hashem.

How an Innocuous Children Book Award Conference Became a Forum for Israel Bashing

The IBBY Jubilee Congress In Basel: You wouldn’t believe it

Last week I was honored to represent Israel at the International Congress on Children’s Literature that took place in Basel, Switzerland, since my book “The Rainbow Child” was on the honors list. The Congress was organized by IBBY – the International Board on Books for Young People. This organization was founded after the Second World War by a brave Jewish lady called Yella Lepman. She returned to the ruins of Germany after the war and decided that the only way to give the children a better future was to give them hope for a different world through children’s literature. The only children’s books available in Germany at this time contained Nazi propaganda, and Yella Lepman’s vision was to provide the children with books free of racism, books with the message of universal humanity. In 1946 she founded the International Library for Youth, and in 1952 she founded IBBY. Over the years the organization has come to function in more and more countries, promoting tolerance and cross-cultural understanding through children’s books. A section of the Congress was devoted to Yella Lepman’s life, strangely she was described as having left Germany during the war out of necessity – I had to look up her biography to discover that she was Jewish. A curious omission, which following later events in the Congress seemed of sinister significance.

Aside from the Honors List the organization gives the much-coveted Anderson prize to one writer and one illustrator who have excelled in their field. In 1986 Uri Orlev honored Israel by receiving this prize for his writing.

This Jubilee Congress was attended by over 400 people from 50 different member countries, and included several distinguished guests. Empress Michiko of Japan was followed by her many assistants, and a trail of newspaper reporters trying to capture her apparent modesty and the regal air which surrounded her. Mrs. Mubarac was thoroughly surrounded by an impressive display of tall well-dressed bodyguards. The opening ceremony was also attended by Ruth Driefuss, the Interior Minister for the Swiss Confederacy.

The subject of the Conference was “Children’s Literature: A global Challenge”, and included many interesting lectures by previous Anderson Prize winners. This year the prize was presented to the British writer Aiden Chambers and the British illustrator Quinton Blake. In the opening ceremony Chambers spent a large part of his speech paying tribute to Anne Frank, from who he derived so much inspiration. Once again, her identity and the circumstances of her death were not mentioned. However the terrible plight of the children of Palestine was referred to twice, (by Chambers and by the Irish writer Michael O’Brien).

When I entered the Congress I searched for the lady I had communicated with through email, to thank her for the invitation. She was talking somewhat uncomfortably with a rather angry woman, who was protesting vehemently about some great injustice. I soon realized this was a Palestinian woman from Ramallah, complaining about having “Israel” printed on her lapel badge. With a black pen she erased the offensive word and wrote Palestine. I thought, rightly, that this would not be the end of the story.

Despite my naturally shy character I made every effort to befriend as many people as possible during the breaks, as we wondered round the exhibitions of books with our cups of coffee. Everybody was smiling and friendly, unperturbed by my lapel badge marked “Israel”. Everybody except for a certain Palestinian woman.

In one of the sessions I learnt of a writer from Greece and an illustrator from Turkey who met in Tel Aviv at an International Conference in 1987 and decided, despite the animosity between their two countries, to create a book together. The book is called “A Bridge of Sea.”

In the atmosphere of cross-cultural communication that had developed, I decided to try and approach the Palestinian woman. I told her about the book “A Bridge of Sea”, and commented that between us there is no sea. I asked her what she thought of the idea of a Palestinian and an Israeli writing a book together.

“I’m not a writer,” she stated, obviously trying to brush me away. (later I discovered her name was Helou Jehan, and she runs the ‘Tamar Community Center’ in Ramallah).

“But you must know Palestinian writers?” I asked.

“You have a million Palestinians under occupation, and you don’t know any writers?” She practically spat at me.

When I think about it now, I think there is a sea between us. It is a sea of blood. Who could have strength to build bridges over such a sea?

Needless to say Helou Jehan did not come to see the presentation of my book, nor that of Shin Shifra whose book “Alilot Galgamesh” was on the Honors List for translation.

My presentation was shared by an Iranian illustrator who proved extremely friendly, as he displayed his beautiful book “The Rainbow World”.

During the last panel session, in the middle of a debate, the Irish writer Michael O’Brien unexpectedly took the microphone. In an impassioned address he demanded that IBBY accept Palestine as a full member section.

Here it would be pertinent to explain the criteria for acceptance to IBBY. States recognized by the UN can be members as ‘sections’, while anybody else can be a member as an individual.

Horrified by the emotional and antagonistic way the proposal had been made I raised my hand. 400 heads turned, and 800 curious eyes peered at me expectantly.

“We would be the first to welcome Palestinian books on peace and cross-cultural understanding” I said, “unfortunately there is a tremendous amount of propaganda promoting violence being produced on the West Bank today, and the terrible encouragement of children to partake in such violence. Since IBBY was founded to create an alternative to Nazi propaganda, before you reach a decision like this you have to be sure that there is no racism in the literature.” I concluded by repeating what I had learnt of “The Bridge of Sea”, and how this could be a model for us.

Immediately I was accused of racism myself by the Palestinian woman, and the air became thick with an invisible emotional cloud threatening to choke us all.

The debate was stopped, and it was announced that the issue would be voted upon at the General Assembly in the afternoon.

I rushed to search for my Israeli colleagues, and was amazed to find all but Shin Shifra totally indifferent to what was going on.

This is the place to remind you that IBBY is not a political organization, but an international organization trying to create a dialogue between different cultures through books. If it became politicized, in my opinion, it would be finished. Writers are not in a position to solve the problems of the Middle East; writers are in a position to write about these problems, to create a dialogue between writers. Who would like to see children in the West Bank reading books promoting peace more than us? But this will not be achieved by condemning Israel, by failing to recognize the suffering of all children in the Middle East, including our children who have become the terrorist’s favorite targets in the last couple of years.

This is what Shin Shifra and I tried to tell our colleagues at the General Assembly after hearing three provocative anti-Israel speeches (two by the British delegates and one by the Irish). Feelings were running high, and we found ourselves more or less alone.

My heart goes out to all those Israelis abroad who have to stand daily at the edge of that huge abyss which opens up momentarily, unexpectedly, between yourself, as an Israeli, and all the others…the abyss which turns each debate, on whatever topic, into something ugly and full of misunderstanding. That which obligates us, at times like these, to abandon our books and pick up the flag, miserably bearing collective responsibility…but we came here with beautiful words written on bright shiny pages, with colorful drawings, and these are what represent us… but this Palestinian woman from Ramallah, who is not even a writer, brought with her only her anger, and not even one book.

With a heavy heart I left after the voting without discovering the results. Perhaps as Israelis we carry a stone in our heart everywhere we go.

In the evening, with little enthusiasm I made my way to the banquet that was to end the Congress. As I entered people began to come towards me, individually, and express their admiration for our courage, and some of them also nodded in agreement. The vote that had been taken was only a recommendation to the Executive Committee, which would have to review the issue again. But the vote was 23 in favor of accepting Palestine, 20 against, 3 abstained, and 3 who left the room in protest.

Then someone whispered in my ear that the place we were sitting was the same place that Herzel, in 1897, had the first Zionist Congress. Then the state of Israel was just a dream. The next day I visited the hotel where he stayed, and a light rain brushed my face. I remembered a quotation from the Congress:

“Sometimes we cannot allow ourselves to be like the rosebush and wait for the spring to come, sometimes we must be the rain, and cause the changes ourselves.”

How true.

Funds for Arab Terror From Israel. Following US Pressure on Israel, Israel Ministry of Finance Provides Frozen Funds to the PA

Israel this week transferred NIS 70 million to the Palestinian Authority to cover an outstanding debt, thereby supplying the PA with the possibility of re-equipping and regrouping for a new round of battles that is likely to develop after the current respite. The above-cited sum was transferred even though Palestinian Finance Minister Salam Fayed said that it would be used to pay the salaries of 50,000 Palestinian security officials.

Appendix 1 of the interim agreement between Israel and the Palestinian Authority from September 1995 stipulates that all branches of the Palestinian police force will not exceed 30,000 troops — 12,000 in Judea and Samaria and 18,000 in the Gaza Strip. In the Cairo agreement, which was signed 18 months before, there was mention of only 9,000 combatants. Now there apparently are over 100,000 security officials, policemen and combatants from the various organizations in the territories. If the Palestinians have established a complete army, in utter contradiction to the logic of Oslo, why should Israel honor its commitments and continue to build that army?

The NIS 70 million that Israel recently transferred to the Palestinian Authority will be distributed among the various factions and organizations of Fatah, Tanzim, fronts, police and intelligence services, whose principal raison d’etre at present is to fight against us. The distribution will be decided on the way Arafat has always done things: according to the little black book in which he records who committed which terror attacks. It is not inconceivable that some of this money will be siphoned out to Arafat loyalists in the refugee camps in Lebanon, as occurred in the past.

Moreover, Israel gave the PA this so very critical sum of money for the continuation of the Intifada even though its demand for transparency had not been met. Contrary to the stipulations in the interim agreements-and not part of the “reforms” that are spoken about so much now-the PA never gave Israel a list of the people who receive the payments. The money is distributed in cash and disappears immediately. And if that were not enough, the Palestinian finance minister admitted, as Barnea reported, that he works for Arafat. The source of Arafat’s power over all these years has been principally budgetary, and along comes Israel and rehabilitates his status after the fiasco in the mukataa.

And naturally, just like most of the American aid to Egypt is allocated immediately for military armament, the American pressure on Israel to transfer the funds will produce the mass militarization of the Palestinian territories, which is the very same disease that brought Arafat here in the middle of the 1990s. Now, when there is talk about “reforms” in the Palestinian Authority, it would make sense to transfer some of the recipients of public salaries to the civilian field. But who even dreams that that is going to happen? Instead of being allocated to rehabilitate the Palestinian civilian infrastructure, health, education for children or new infrastructures, the money will be used to continue to build the Palestinian military capabilities. The civilian society that was beginning to become established in the territories was wiped out for the sake of armament and salaries for soldiers. Capital is used for the past, and not for building a future.

Thus large sums of money flow from Israel to Arafat’s junta, while the Palestinian civilians, and certainly the refugees, will continue to enjoy only the crumbs. This way, Arafat’s industry of defiance will continue to poison the atmosphere and will cause Israel to be hated by the future generations, who will continue to undergo a process of militarization, as if nothing has been learned from the past two years. How absurd and how sad.

This piece ran on October 10, 2002 in Yediot Ahronot

With Questions to UNICEF

[In response to the “serious concern” expressed below by Pierre Poupard, UNICEF Special Representative to the Palestinian Authority, over the number of Palestinian children being prevented from attending school by Israel-imposed restrictions, the following points might be relevant:

  1. The restrictions imposed by the IDF in the territories are the direct result of continued Palestinian Authority sponsored terrorism. If the Palestinian Authority (PA) were to rein in terrorists and to ensure civil order, there would be no need for the restrictions.
  2. In the areas where relative calm has been restored, IDF restrictions have been totally or partially lifted, thereby permitting Palestinian students to attend school. As the UNICEF official himself acknowledges, while some 226,000 Palestinian children and their teachers are presently affected by IDF closures, primarily in the flash points of Nablus, Jenin, Tulkarem and Hebron, the vast majority of the close to 1 million Palestinian children of school age are not affected by the closures.
  3. Under the PA, Palestinian schools throughout the territories have been transformed into terrorist laboratories. As the policy analyst Justus Weiner notes in the Jerusalem Post (“Child abuse in the Palestinian Authority,² October 2, 2002), “Even in the PA¹s public schools, incitement to violence plays a major role while interest in reconciliation with Israel is notably absent. The PA¹s deputy minister of education, Naim Abu Humus, called on school administrators to dedicate the first class to praying for the souls of those killed during the intifada, saying, “Today we glorify Al-Aksa and Palestine, and remember the Palestinian martyrs”
  4. “Signs on the walls of kindergartens”, Weiner continues, “proclaim their students as the ‘shaheeds’ [martyrs] of tomorrow”, and elementary school teachers and principals commend their young students for wanting to ‘tear their Zionist bodies into little pieces and cause them more pain than they will ever know’¹… “. Sheikh Hassan Yosef, a leading Hamas member, summarized this process of incitement by saying, “we like to grow them from kindergarten through college”, Weiner adds.
  5. UNICEF’s Pierre Poupard cites Israel¹s obligation, according to the 4th Geneva Convention and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, to ensure education is accessible to every Palestinian child. What Mr. Poupard fails to note, however, is the extent to which the Rights of the Child are routinely and systematically violated by Yasser Arafat¹s Palestinian Authority. These violations include encouraging children to become suicide bombers, placing children in the front-lines of armed demonstrations against Israeli soldiers, and delivering busloads of Palestinian school children to demonstrations throughout the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Through its hate-filled school curriculum, the PA denies Palestinian children the fundamental right to peaceful, modern education.
  6. The UNICEF statement ignores the significant steps taken by Israel since June 1967 to establish a modern educational system for Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, even in the absence of peace.]

[Reached at the UNICEF office in Jerusalem, Mr. Poupard denied any knowledge of the PA schools being used as a place of terror training or incitement of youth to war against Israel. Mr. Poupard also said that he has not seen the evaluation of the Palestinian Authority school system that was provided by the CMIP at www.edume.org ]

JERUSALEM, 2 October 2002 – A month into the Palestinian school year, the UNICEF Special Representative in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Pierre Poupard, today expressed serious concern over the number of Palestinian children being prevented from attending school by Israel-imposed restrictions. “Right now the Israeli military is preventing thousands of Palestinian children and teachers from attending school,” Mr Poupard said. “A generation of Palestinian children is being denied their right to an education.”

While UNICEF noted that most Palestinian children have either returned to school or are receiving alternative schooling, it said that more than 226,000 children and over 9,300 teachers are unable to reach their regular classrooms and at least 580 schools have been closed due to Israeli military curfews, closures and home confinement.

UNICEF said Israel has an obligation to ensure education is accessible to every Palestinian child, in accordance with the 4th Geneva Convention and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. As an absolute minimum, mobility restrictions on Palestinian civilians must be lifted throughout the OPT during school hours.

There are almost 1 million Palestinian children of school age. Children living in the districts of Nablus, Jenin, Tulkarem and Hebron are most affected. The mobility restrictions in these areas have necessitated the creation of a substitute schooling system. Many Palestinian school children are now being home-schooled by their parents, or gathering in makeshift classrooms such as mosques, basements, and alleyways.

“Alternative schooling initiatives are an indication of the extent to which the regular lives of Palestinian children are being devastated by this conflict,” said Mr Poupard.

UNICEF cautioned that the quality of home education can not be assessed or assured. UNICEF emphasized that the organizers and teachers of alternative schooling have a responsibility to ensure their actions are in the best interests of children at all times.

UNICEF is currently implementing a ‘back to school’ campaign to help ensure that the poorest Palestinian children can afford to stay in school.

The campaign includes the provision of school uniforms and school bags – expenses that often keep poor children out of the classroom. The campaign is supporting over 14,000 children. “This year, with the economy on the verge of collapse, many Palestinian parents are unable to afford to send their children to school.

UNICEF appeals to the donor community for further support,” Mr Poupard said. Some 317,000 Palestinian school children are now in desperate need of assistance due to financial hardship.

Last school year, UNICEF supported a community-based education program in Hebron and Khan Younis assisting over 12,250 Palestinian children whose education was disrupted as a result of the crisis. This year, UNICEF is expanding the program by supporting officially-endorsed home schooling initiatives.

“Between Palestine and Hamastine”

“Our situation is firm, we are expecting an upheaval.” This was the closing sentence of the latest report sent from Hamas headquarters in the territories to the headquarters in Syria. The strengthening of Hamas in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank has brought the leadership of the organization to the decision to accelerate the battle over the future of the Palestinian Authority, the battle between “Palestine,” the future democratic and secular state, and “Hamastine,” the Islamic Palestinian state to which Hamas aspires.

The first shot was fired on Sunday morning. Hamas headquarters dispatched a cell headed by Imad Akel from the Nusseirat refugee camp to kill Col. Rajah Abu Lehiya in a targeted operation. Abu Lehiya was the commander of the special intervention force, the elite unit of the Palestinian police. The operation was planned similarly to the manner in which IDF undercover units operate: the necessary intelligence material was gathered, all the moves were planned, and after the plan was authorized by the senior leadership of the organization, Akel and his men were sent on their mission.

On the previous day, Dr. Abdel Aziz Rantisi, the number two man in Hamas, had given incitement speeches condemning all those who call to return to the negotiating table with Israel, and demanded that they be treated as traitors. Rantisi spoke in a threatening, arrogant and provocative tone. The day afterwards, Akel and his men put on uniforms of the Palestinian police and waited at a roadblock on the main road in Gaza. When Col. Abu Lehiya’s car approached the roadblock, they ordered it to stop. Within seconds, they overpowered the commander of the elite unit and his five bodyguards. The wheel of the car was taken by a Hamas man who drove quickly to the Nusseirat refugee camp in southern Gaza. Abu Lehiya was killed, his bodyguards sent away shamefacedly, and the car torched. Hamas announced this joyfully through a system of deafening loudspeakers posted over the city’s mosques.

The assassination was carried out on the day when 14 Palestinians were killed during the IDF operation in the El-Amal neighborhood of Khan Yunis. Despite the disaster, the Hamas commanders did not consider the possibility of delaying the planned mission.

“If the commander of the police elite unit cannot defend himself, who can defend the Palestinian police?” people asked in Gaza.

Arafat was among the first to receive the news of the killing. He was furious. From his office in the demolished mukataa he cursed Hamas, poured out his fury on Sheikh Yassin and ordered his men to arrest the murderers and put them on trial at the state security court, which is empowered to issue the death sentence.

The Palestinian policemen who arrived at the Nusseirat refugee camp encountered fierce resistance on the part of Hamas. During the failed attempts to break into the camp, five Hamas members were killed. The next day, street demonstrations broke out against the Palestinian police, and Gaza seethed and boiled.

Mohammed Dahlan, the strong man in Gaza, said that this time he could not make a concession to Hamas. This was the murder of a senior officer in broad daylight, he announced, and demanded that Hamas turn over the murderers. Dr. Abdel Aziz Rantisi announced that his organization is interested in the rule of law, but added that the law should be applied to policemen as well as civilians, and the policemen who killed Hamas men should also be put on trial. The Borno family, one of whose sons was killed by the gunfire of the Palestinian policemen, published an advertisement in the East Jerusalem Al-Kuds daily, stating that they do not intend to begin mourning as long as the son’s murderers have not been arrested.

The Red Line

There has been great tension in Gaza ever since the colonel’s murder. Despite the mediation attempts between the Palestinian leadership and Hamas, the dispute has not been settled. “The situation will not calm down until the colonel’s murderers are turned over,” announced Fatah. But Hamas is refusing to turn them over.

The confrontation is serious, and could definitely snowball. But it is early to speak of civil war. Hamas knows where the red line runs that they will not cross. Fitna, a civil war, is the red line for them, and they will be careful not to let the events deteriorate to such a war.

The leaders of Hamas know that the Palestinian Authority’s force will determine the matter eventually, but this does not stop them from provoking the PA. In fact, the goal of the confrontation, initiated by Hamas, is to test the balance of power between Hamas and the PA, in view of the ongoing decrease in Arafat’s power, the collapse of the Palestinian government institutions and the helplessness of the residents of the territories in recent months.

The Palestinian police reacted with great determination to the Hamas offensive, proving that when an internal struggle arises over the question of who is in charge, Arafat does not hesitate to send his men and exert his full force. Conversely, when Israel demands that he act against Hamas, he demonstrates ineffectuality, weakness and complete inaction. In such cases he treats Hamas as an ally.

The latest surveys held in the territories indicate an impressive rise in the support for Hamas: Between 20 and 29 percent of the residents of the territories support Sheikh Ahmed Yassin’s organization, and this is a great deal. “The tanks created a vacuum, which gave Hamas oxygen,” explains Sufiyan Abu Zeida, one of the heads of Fatah in Gaza.

Last week Hamas opened a large clinic in Khan Yunis, another institution of the Daawa, Hamas’ developing aid and welfare system. The Daawa activity has expanded greatly during the Intifada. The citizens’ distress was utilized well to expand the circles of support. Food and money were provided to families in need, clinics were built, a supplementary education system was created, new mosques and youth clubs were established, and day camps were held for children during the summer. The elaborate Hamas ceremonies draw crowds of tens of thousands of people, and at funerals and demonstrations the green flag is prevalent-the flag of Islam.

Through a well oiled fund-raising system in Europe, the United States and Arab countries, Hamas has succeeded in giving sponsorship to all the spheres that the PA has relinquished due to financial distress. The senior PA officials stand by helplessly and grind their teeth. The weaker the PA becomes, the stronger the anti-Israel stream grows and the greater the support for Hamas becomes, not only as a religious movement but also due to its path in battling Israel.

Main Opposition to Fatah

In three weeks the month of Ramadan will begin, and Hamas has already begun its preparations. Hamas intends to dedicate this month not only to strengthening religious faith and returning many people to the fold, but also to encourage fulfillment of the precept of jihad. The meaning: Encouraging acts of terror.

The Intifada has greatly strengthened religion in Palestinian society. Arafat and his men have also used religious symbols and Koran verses to enthuse the people and add as many as possible to the circle of violence against Israel. As the distress increased, many Palestinians found sanctuary in the mosques, with Allah. Arafat has not fought Hamas, nor did he have any intention of fighting it. He regards it not as an enemy but as a partner who has deviated from the path. Arafat has also used Hamas for his own purposes, and the criticism it voiced towards him is meant to preserve Palestinian interests.

After the blowup of the Palestinian national dialogue, which attempted to limit the terror attacks to the West Bank territories alone, the members of Hamas began to take an independent line that deepened even further the gap between them and the PA and Fatah. Hamas also proposed to the other rejectionist organizations to establish joint headquarters, which would serve as an alternative. At the beginning of the week, the political bureau of the PFLP and the DFLP announced the acceptance of the Fatah formula for limiting acts of terror to the territories. Hamas was the only organization that did not join these understandings, and thus remained the main opposition to Fatah.

Arafat and the Fatah leaders fear the rise in Hamas’ power. The PA recently tried to create a division between the overseas branch of Hamas and the domestic branch of Hamas, and isolate Sheikh Abdel Aziz Rantisi, the more extreme leader of the organization. The attempt was unsuccessful: Rantisi grew stronger, and is now the most notable voice in the leadership of Hamas.

“The Sausage Theater”

In conjunction with the firm opposition stance presented by Hamas, harsh criticism of Arafat has also been voiced over the past few months within Fatah, the chairman’s own organization, as well as in the Palestinian Legislative Council, the media and among Palestinian intellectuals. This criticism has led to the establishment of three new parties, which can be termed the Palestinian left wing: Bassam Abu Sheriff, who served as Arafat’s spokesman for many years, established the Palestinian Democratic Party in Gaza; Mustafa Barghouti established the Reform Party in Ramallah; and Nabil Amer, member of the PLC, who is leading the group of reforms, has also announced the establishment of a new party.

New parties have been established; the question is when the elections will be held. Arafat has announced that they will be held at the beginning of January 2003, that is, in another three and a half months. This week, however, a delegation from the American organization helping prepare the elections visited Arafat’s office in Ramallah, and announced that the preparations for the elections would last for at least half a year. Arafat voiced no objection. Arafat is doing everything to defer the elections, for fear of an increase in the power of Hamas and the new left wing parties. He also wants to see what the developments will be in Iraq. After the war, he hopes, a new “Madrid Conference” will be held to establish a new order in the region, with effective US intervention.

Meanwhile, Arafat is flourishing anew, among other factors due to the siege that Israel imposed on him and the demolition of the mukataa. When the siege was removed, Arafat came out strengthened, and returned to center stage. His status in the Palestinian street was bolstered, and the criticism against him subsided. On Wednesday there was a pilgrimage to his office by diplomats from around the world, and all the senior PA officials arrived in the evening. Arafat’s increase in strength has greatly softened his opponents. Nabil Amer, for instance, has already announced that he is withdrawing his demand to appoint a prime minister, the Palestinian Legislative Council has given Arafat another month to establish the new government, and the reforms have also been shelved for the present.

Following the siege and the demolition of the mukataa, Israel absorbed criticism from the reform advocates and those who wished to move Arafat aside and curtail his powers. In off-the-record conversations, they refer to the Israeli siege as Masrahiyat al-mortodela, or the sausage theater. “You supplied Arafat with a lot of humus, beans and sausage,” they say, “and detergents and underwear. You pampered him. You helped him leave there with the upper hand.”

Despite the criticism, Arafat remains the undisputed Palestinian leader, and no one dares challenge his leadership, not even the Hamas men, who are occupied with internal wars in Gaza. As soon as Hamas sends another suicide bomber to Tel Aviv, Arafat may pay the price. And let there be no mistake: the internal wars in the PA do not come instead of the struggle against Israel. This cycle of violence has not yet ended.

This article ran in Yediot Ahronot on October 11, 2002